Traditional fish farming in open ponds is nowadays no more productive and often leads to several losses. An excellent innovation in aquaculture ‘Biofloc fish farming’ technique increases fish productivity in the same area with lesser inputs. In this technique waste products of the fishes are converted into proteinaceous feed which enables the growers to go for no or limited water exchange. With ever increasing demand for aquatic foods Biofloc technology offers a promising future to farmers and will also help to ensure food security. Advantages of Biofloc Farming Higher Productivity A lesser land water space accomodates more no of fishes than that of conventional farming ponds thereby greatly increasing productivity. Eco friendly sustainable system Nitrogen waste is efficiently converted into protein feed having double benefits of water conservation and waste management. Controls diseases and reduces pathogen transfer Probiotics present in the mixture kills harmful microbes. Moreover disease and pathogens of one container will not spread to other container which restricts the loss of whole culture. Zero or limited water replacement The microbes in the tank convert nitrogenous wastes such as nitrate and ammonia into protein feed. So, there is no requirement of water replacement. Reduced feed cost Feed cost is ultimately reduced by ( 30-50%) due to dual positive factors of effective utilisation of feed and regeneration of lost feed. Whereas there are no ways to regain lost feed in traditional culture. Easy harvesting Harvesting becomes easy due to high stock density within a small area and facilitated mechanism. In Biofloc technique fishes are reared on small heighted tanks about 4 m in diameter with approx capacity of 600 fishes. In addition to fishes a culture of heterotrophic bacteria is also grown along them. The setup also requires aeration and mixing mechanism to balance oxygen supply and for proper functioning of heterotrophic bacterial culture. Heterotrophic bacterial cultures grown along with fish performs the task of recycling nutrients. Bacteria consumes unutilised protein feed and nitrogenous waste which in turn increases their own protein content. We can recollect these proteins from aggregates known as flocs and utilize them again as fish feed. Heterotrophic Bacteria also converts harmful ammonia into non toxic nitrates and usable proteins. In fact in traditional pond farming, when we provide protein feed to fishes they can utilise only about 25% of it for their direct body growth. While the remaining 75% goes to water and contributes to unwanted aquatic weed or algal growth. The accumulation of wasted feeds and nitrogenous waste in water degrades its oxygen level and a need for water replacement arises in conventional aquaculture.